Relaciones entre salud mental, conducta alimentaria y actividad física en estudiantes universitarios
una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5016/bjsphd.v1i2.19697Palabras clave:
Nutrición; Actividad física; Estudiantes universitarios; Ansiedad; DepresiónResumen
La vida universitaria representa un período de intensas transformaciones que afectan el bienestar físico y emocional de los estudiantes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura científica sobre las relaciones entre los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, el ejercicio físico y las elecciones dietéticas en estudiantes universitarios. La búsqueda se realizó en la base de datos PubMed, utilizando población, concepto y contexto para estructurar la pregunta de investigación. Se utilizaron descriptores MESH y términos libres para la búsqueda, junto con los operadores booleanos OR y AND. Los estudios se exportaron al software Rayaan, y posteriormente se leyeron los títulos y resúmenes para su selección. De los 79 artículos recuperados, se incluyeron 14 estudios en esta revisión, publicados entre 2018 y 2025, con diferentes diseños y contextos socioculturales. Los resultados indican que los altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión se asocian con patrones de alimentación desorganizados, un mayor consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y una menor actividad física. La conducta alimentaria emocional, la insatisfacción corporal y el sedentarismo fueron recurrentes, destacando las desigualdades de género. Se identificaron brechas metodológicas, como el predominio de estudios transversales y el uso de instrumentos de autoinforme. La conclusión es que la integración de la salud mental, la nutrición y la educación física es esencial para desarrollar estrategias intersectoriales que promuevan la salud estudiantil.
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Derechos de autor 2025 BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (BJSPHD)
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