Un enfoque ecológico de las fuentes de placer en las jóvenes atletas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5016/bjsphd.v1i1.19442Palabras clave:
Deporte juvenil; Desarrollo del talento; Adolescencia; Teoría bioecológica; Modelado bayesiano multinivelResumen
Este estudio empleó un enfoque bioecológico para investigar los factores que influyen en las fuentes de placer entre los jóvenes atletas. Se centró en las características personales (estado de madurez), el proceso (práctica deliberada acumulada) y los factores contextuales (rango de edad, nivel de competición, tipo de deporte y estado), así como en las interacciones dinámicas del tiempo con las características personales y el proceso. El estudio incluyó a 243 jóvenes atletas, con mediciones repetidas recopiladas de una submuestra de 84 atletas a lo largo de las temporadas competitivas. Modelamos las respuestas al Cuestionario de Placer Deportivo Juvenil (SEYSQ) mediante modelado bayesiano jerárquico. Los resultados indicaron que, en general, los jóvenes atletas coincidieron con las afirmaciones del SEYSQ. Al considerar los datos transversales, no hubo variación en las respuestas a los factores del SEYSQ asociados con el proceso, la persona y el contexto. Al relacionar la edad cronológica, la edad de la menarquia y la práctica deliberada acumulada en el deporte, el contexto deportivo se reveló como un factor importante en la configuración de las fuentes de placer a lo largo del desarrollo de jóvenes atletas brasileñas de entre 12 y 18 años. El estudio destaca la importancia de incorporar el tiempo en los enfoques ecológicos de la investigación en deportes juveniles mediante un diseño de medidas repetidas para operacionalizar adecuadamente el enfoque bioecológico. Los resultados no corroboran el argumento de que la especialización temprana pueda conducir a un bajo disfrute y comprometer el compromiso y la participación sostenidos en programas deportivos juveniles.
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