USES AND CONFLICTS IN INSULAR PROTECTED AREAS OF SÃO PAULO STATE

Abstract

The coast of the São Paulo State presents a large number of islands and reefs, from which the majority are protected by any legal instrument. The present study aimed to analyze and qualitatively compare the impressions of directors and employees of 4 insular Protected Areas from the São Paulo State (Tupinambás Ecological Station, Tupiniquins Ecological Station, “Laje de Santos” Marine State Park and Ilhabela State Park) on the anthropic uses and conflicts that occur in such places. The investigation was based on the analysis of bibliographic references, semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. The areas are used for recreation, fishing, conservation of ecological processes and biodiversity, environmental education, diving and snorkeling, scientific researches, among other purposes. The main conflict was related to fishing activity (artisanal, industrial and sportive), but problems due to lacking of financial, human and physical resources and to the inexistence of management plans were also addressed. Specific conflicts were also identified for each site; they require the adoption of individual solutions. The listed problems difficult the proper management of the protected areas; however there are possible solutions to them: the management plans are being elaborated for 3 out of 4 sites, and 2 already have their own Consulting Board. Moreover, directors and employees have interest in establishing partnerships and organizing environmental education and research programs. The preservation goals of the studied sites only will be achieved if the management tools are strengthened, the society participates effectively in the decision making and common and specific policies are adopted. Key words: Marine protected areas. Islands. Coastal Management. Environmental conflicts. Public Policies. Environmental Impacts.